The Indian market, in one page
66 brokers, news sites, analytics and backtesting tools, official sources and courses, plus a plain-English glossary of the terms traders use.
Listed alphabetically. No rankings, sponsorships or affiliate links, and inclusion is not a recommendation. Check a broker’s or adviser’s registration on SEBI’s register before you sign up.
Brokers
SEBI-registered stockbrokers with large retail client bases. Check a broker’s registration on the SEBI or exchange website before opening an account.
News
Business and market news. For anything that moves a stock, the primary source is the company’s filing on the NSE or BSE website.
Analytics & screeners
Fundamentals, screeners, charts and options analytics. Most have useful free tiers.
Backtesting & algo
Tools to test a trading idea on history before risking money. Whatever you use, check how it handles costs, fills and survivorship bias.
Exchanges & regulators
Primary sources: filings, official data and investor protection. When a news story and a filing disagree, trust the filing.
Learning
Free courses, certifications and books. Start with how markets and costs work before any strategy.
Glossary
The words you’ll meet on broker apps, in contract notes and in backtest reports, in plain English.
- ASM / GSM
- Additional and Graded Surveillance Measures: exchange lists of stocks with unusual price moves or weak fundamentals that get higher margins, trade-for-trade settlement or other restrictions.
- ATRAverage True Range
- The average size of a bar’s full range, including gaps from the previous close. Common for sizing stops relative to how much a stock normally moves.
- Back-adjusted prices
- Historical prices rescaled for splits and bonuses so a chart has no artificial jumps. Old prices on an adjusted chart are lower than what actually traded, which matters for per-share costs.
- Basis point (bp)
- One hundredth of a percent: 0.01%. A 6.5 bp round-trip cost on ₹5 lakh is ₹325.
- Bhavcopy
- The exchange’s end-of-day file with open, high, low, close, volume and (for F&O) open interest for every instrument. The standard free source of daily history.
- Bracket order / Cover order
- Intraday orders that attach a stop-loss (cover) or a stop-loss and a target (bracket) to an entry. Availability varies by broker.
- Bulk deal / Block deal
- A bulk deal is a trade (or set of trades) by one client in a day for more than 0.5% of a company’s shares; a block deal is a single large trade done in a special exchange window. Both are published daily.
- CAGRCompound annual growth rate
- The constant yearly return that would turn the starting value into the ending value over the period.
- Circuit limitPrice band
- The maximum a stock may move in a day (for example 2%, 5%, 10% or 20%). Stocks in F&O have dynamic bands instead. Index-wide circuit breakers halt the whole market on large index falls.
- CNC / MIS / NRML
- Broker product types. CNC is delivery (cash and carry); MIS is intraday, auto squared-off before close; NRML carries F&O positions overnight with full margin.
- Delivery
- Buying shares to hold beyond the day: they arrive in your demat account on settlement. Delivery trades pay higher STT than intraday trades.
- Demat account
- The account at a depository (NSDL or CDSL), opened through your broker, that holds your shares electronically.
- DP charges
- A flat fee per stock, per day, charged by the depository and broker when shares are debited from your demat account on a sale.
- Drawdown
- The fall from a previous peak in account value. Maximum drawdown is the worst such fall over the period, and the number that decides whether you could have stuck with a strategy.
- Expiry
- The day a futures or options contract settles. Index options have weekly expiries; stock F&O expire monthly. SEBI limits each exchange to one weekly-expiring benchmark index.
- F&OFutures and options
- Exchange-traded derivatives on indices and selected stocks, traded in fixed lot sizes. SEBI’s 2024 study found 93% of individual F&O traders lost money over FY22–FY24.
- FII / FPI / DII
- Foreign institutional (now foreign portfolio) investors and domestic institutional investors such as mutual funds and insurers. Their daily net buying is published by NSE and NSDL.
- Gap
- The difference between today’s open and yesterday’s close. Gap-up and gap-down strategies are among the most commonly taught intraday setups.
- GTTGood till triggered
- A standing order held by the broker that is sent to the exchange only when the price hits your trigger, often used for long-term stop-losses and targets.
- Implied volatility (IV)
- The volatility implied by an option’s market price. High IV means options are expensive; India VIX is a NIFTY-options-based IV index.
- Look-ahead bias
- Using information in a backtest that was not available at the moment of the decision, such as entering at a bar’s close using that same bar’s high. It makes almost anything look profitable.
- Lot size
- The fixed number of units in one F&O contract. Exchanges revise lot sizes periodically to keep contract values within SEBI’s limits.
- Margin
- The money the exchange requires to hold a position: SPAN plus exposure margin for F&O, and upfront margin for intraday equity. Peak-margin rules mean leverage is checked through the day, not just at close.
- Max pain
- The strike price at which option buyers would collectively lose the most at expiry. A popular but weak indicator.
- Open interest (OI)
- The number of open futures or options contracts. Rising price with rising OI is read as new longs; the reading is a heuristic, not a rule.
- Opening range
- The high and low of the first few minutes of the session (often 15). Opening range breakout (ORB) trades the first move beyond it.
- OverfittingCurve fitting
- Tuning a strategy so closely to past data that it captures noise rather than a repeatable effect. The more variants you try, the more likely your best one is overfit.
- PCRPut-call ratio
- Put open interest (or volume) divided by call open interest. Often read as a sentiment gauge.
- Pledge
- Using shares or mutual fund units you hold as collateral for F&O margin, after a haircut set by the clearing corporation.
- Pre-open session
- The 9:00–9:15 AM window in which orders are collected and a single equilibrium opening price is discovered for each stock.
- Sharpe ratio
- Average excess return divided by the volatility of returns, usually annualised. A rough measure of return per unit of risk.
- Slippage
- The difference between the price you expected and the price you got. In a backtest it is a cost you must assume; we use 1 bp per fill and stress-test with 3 bp more.
- Stamp duty
- A state levy collected centrally on the buy side of a trade: 0.003% for intraday and 0.015% for delivery equity.
- Stop-loss
- An exit at a preset loss. A stop-loss market order fills at whatever price is available; a stop-loss limit order may not fill at all in a fast move.
- STTSecurities transaction tax
- A tax on the value of exchange trades. For intraday equity it is 0.025% on the sell side; delivery, futures and options have their own rates.
- Survivorship bias
- Testing on today’s index members, which leaves out the companies that fell out of the index. It quietly adds years of winners to a backtest.
- T+1 settlement
- Indian equity trades settle one working day after the trade: shares and money move on T+1.
- VWAPVolume-weighted average price
- The average price of the day weighted by volume. Used as an intraday benchmark and as a level in many setups.
- Walk-forward testing
- Choosing parameters on one period and testing them on the next, unseen period, repeatedly. A guard against overfitting.
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